- P is the significance level of the factor (n.s.: not significant; *<0·05; **<0·01; ***<0·001). % is the percentage of variability explained by the factor. Factors that have not been considered in the model are represented with a dash (–).
- a roentgen: resistant; S: vulnerable.
- b Number of inoculated seedlings.
- c Imply wilting payment ± SE.
- d Characters term homogeneous groups from the Fisher’s LSD shot (P = 0·05).
Hydraulic conductivity and vulnerability to help you cavitation
Vulnerability to cavitation (Pfifty and P80), Kxmaximum and absolute conductivity (Kx) did not differ significantly among the types of crosses (Fig. 1; Table 3). Loss of conductivity began at ?0·3 MPa and progressed at a https://datingranking.net/nl/joingy-overzicht/ similar rate in all crosses, i.e. there were no differences in the slope of VCs (P = 0·87; Table 3).
- a WP 20 d.a.i., wilting percentage 20 days after inoculation; VC slope, ‘a’ parameter of the exponential sigmoid: PLC = 100/(1 + exp[a(??b)]); P50, applied pressure at which the sample loses 50% hydraulic conductance; P80, applied pressure at which the sample loses 80% hydraulic conductance; Kxmax, maximum xylem specific conductivity; VLmax, maximum vessel length; bVL, vessel length distribution parameter; WD, wood density; VD, vessel diameter; VTA, vessel transectional area; THC, relative theoretical hydraulic conductance; VF, vessel frequency; (t/b) 2 , resistance to implosion; PGV, percentage of grouped vessels; VPG, vessels per group; VGA, vessel groups per area; CLVF, contribution of large vessels (VD >70 ?m) to flow; CMVF, contribution of medium vessels (40 < VD < 70 ?m) to flow; CSVF, contribution of small vessels (VD <40 ?m) to flow.
- b R: resistant, S: prone. Indicate worthy of ± SE. Characters identity homogeneous communities within this an adjustable (P = 0·05, Fisher’s LSD approach).
- cP-worthy of about anova.
- *log-transformed to meet up with anova conditions; **inverse-transformed to meet anova conditions.
Despite P80 and Kxmax not differing between crossing types, these variables were positively correlated with WP 20 d.a.i. for the 24 selected trees (P < 0·05; Table S1). Nevertheless, the coefficient of correlation was low in both cases (R 2 < 0·20).
Anatomical features
Maximum vessel length (VLmax) ranged from 69 to 118 mm. S ? S trees had 30–40% significantly longer conduits and a higher percentage of longer vessels (Fig. 2a; Table 3). There was a negative correlation between Kxmax (log-transformed) and bVL (R 2 = 34·5, P = 0·0026; Table S1): plants with shorter vessels had lower conductivity.
S ? S progeny showed the widest vessels (VD; Table 3), and were unique in having vessel diameters greater than 90 ?m (Fig. 2b). The progeny of the S ? S cross also had larger VTA, and a THC twice as high as the other two groups (Table 3). CLVF, CMVF and CSVF did not differ among crossing types (P > 0·05, Table 3). As expected, Kxmax (log-transformed) was positively correlated with THC (R 2 = 32·6, P = 0·0035; Table S1) and VD (R 2 = 28·8, P = 0·0068; Table S1). In addition, R ? R individuals showed a significantly higher VF (c. 20%) and a greater (t/b) 2 (P < 0·05; Table 3). Meanwhile, S ? S saplings had significantly higher PGV (Table 3). There were no differences in WD, VPG or VGA between the groups (P > 0·05; Table 3).
Both ?pd and ?md progressively decreased after DED inoculation (Fig. 3a). Seventeen d.a.i., ?pd had dropped more than 0·25 MPa and 47 d.a.i. c. 1 MPa, independent of the type of crossing (Fig. 3a). ?md dropped from ?1 MPa to almost ?3 MPa in S ? S progeny at the end of the experiment. From the thirteenth d.a.i., ?md of R ? R cross progeny was significantly different from S ? S cross progeny.
